This document presents an integrated conservation framework developed through international collaboration to address the declining populations of migratory and resident bird species inhabiting western temperate, Mexican pine-oak, and tropical cloud forests from North to Central America. The framework identifies target bird species and key threats stemming from human activities like unsustainable resource management and agricultural expansion that impact these crucial forest habitats. It outlines specific conservation strategies focusing on addressing these threats and contributing factors through actions such as habitat restoration, policy changes, and community engagement. Ultimately, this framework aims to coordinate and guide conservation efforts by providing a structured approach for setting objectives, implementing actions, and measuring their effectiveness in reversing bird population declines and protecting vital forest ecosystems.

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